Broad Bean Seeds

How to Grow Broad Beans from Seed

The essential guide to growing broad bean from seed; with notes on germination, cultivation, harvest and even kitchen uses.

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Seeds per gram (Sds/g): ~1
Feed Requirements: Low

Position & Soil

• Soil Type & Drainage: Prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a
   pH of around 6.5–7.5. Avoid waterlogged conditions, as these can promote root rot and other diseases.
• Sun Exposure: Full sun is ideal, though broad beans will tolerate partial shade.
• Frost Tolerance: Frost-hardy down to around -5°C, making autumn or late winter/early spring sowings possible in many regions.

Sowing & Planting

1. Sowing Times:
• Autumn/Winter Sowings (Overwintering): Sow mid to late autumn. Plants will overwinter and produce an early spring crop, often several weeks earlier than spring-sown beans.
• Spring Sowings: Sow from early to mid-spring (as soon as the soil can be worked).
2. Seed Depth & Spacing:
   • Spring sowing: 20–30 cm apart
   • Autumn/winter sowing: 30–40 cm apart
• Depth: 3–5 cm deep.
• Between Plants: 20-40 cm
• Between Rows: 60–70 cm apart
3. Germination & Early Care:
• If the soil is sufficiently moist, hold off on watering for the first couple of weeks. Excess moisture at seeding can slow germination and increase the risk of root rot.
• Keep an eye out for slugs or snails, especially in damp conditions.

Watering & Feeding

• Watering:
• Typically, broad beans do not require heavy irrigation, especially in cooler months.
• Water sparingly until seedlings establish (about two weeks after sowing). Increase watering during flowering and pod formation in dry spells.
• Feeding:
• Broad beans have low feed requirements. An occasional application of a balanced organic fertilizer or well-rotted compost before planting is usually sufficient.
• They are legumes, so they can fix some of their own nitrogen if soil bacteria are present.

General Care

• Support: Tall varieties or those grown in windy conditions may need staking or string lines along the row to keep plants upright.
• Weeding & Mulching: Keep the area around plants weed-free. A light mulch can help conserve moisture and reduce weeds.
• Temperature Sensitivity: Broad beans prefer cool temperatures. Prolonged hot weather can reduce pod set and cause stress to the plants.

Potential Problems

• Black Spots on Leaves / Dieback:
• Often caused by poorly drained soil and prolonged wet or cold conditions. Ensure good drainage and avoid overwatering.
• Fungal Issues & Rot:
• Excessive moisture at sowing time can lead to root rots. Water carefully and improve soil drainage with organic matter if needed.
• Pests (e.g., Aphids/Blackfly):
• In some areas, blackfly can cluster on the shoot tips. Pinch out the tips once the first pods set to reduce infestations.

Harvesting & Storage

1. When to Harvest:
• Young Pods: Pick when pods are small and beans are still immature if you’d like to eat them whole (pods and all).
• Mature Beans: Allow pods to plump up. Shell and cook the beans in stews, soups, or boil/roast them for a snack.
• For Dry Beans: Once pods turn dry and brown on the plant, harvest for soup beans, flour (falafel), or seed saving.
2. How to Harvest:
• Gently pull or snip pods from the plant to avoid damaging stems.
3. Storage:
• Fresh: Use promptly for best flavour. Refrigerate for up to a week.
• Dried Beans: Ensure they are fully dried before storing in airtight containers in a cool, dry place.

Additional Tips & Notes

• Succession Planting: If your climate allows, make small successive sowings to extend the harvest season.
• Green Manure: Some broad bean varieties are used as a cover crop to enrich soil with nitrogen. Chop and dig in before flowering for best results.
• Seed Saving: Dried beans can be saved for future plantings. Choose healthy, vigorous plants to avoid passing on diseases.

By following these guidelines—particularly focusing on good soil drainage, spacing, and modest watering—you can enjoy a successful broad bean harvest. They are an excellent cool-season crop, offering both fresh, tender pods early in the season and mature dried beans for use later on.